The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute. The legal power of a court to hear and decide a particular type of case. It is also used as a synonym for jurisdiction, i.e. the geographical area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to rule on cases. Unlike a legal dictionary, which organizes and defines legal words and phrases individually and alphabetically, a legal terminology textbook organizes and defines legal words and phrases into groups and topics. Therefore, a student or other person interested in understanding a set of related legal words and phrases may instead use a legal terminology textbook. [2] In legalese, a dictionary is a «secondary authority» in a case. Just as a congressional hearing can be used to better understand the intent of a particular law, a legal dictionary can be consulted to improve the meaning of a common word such as malicious or legal.
Legal dictionaries often cite specific cases and previous use of the word in court documents. A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. Governmental body empowered to settle disputes. Judges sometimes use the term «court» to refer to themselves in the third person, as in «the court read the pleadings.» In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. A legal dictionary (also known as a legal dictionary) is a dictionary designed and compiled to give information about terms used in the field of law. A good bilingual or multilingual legal dictionary must take into account the expected languages and the professional skills of users. Lexicographers must therefore take into account the following aspects: search for dictionary users, typology of dictionaries, structure and presentation of relevant information.
When creating a legal dictionary, lexicographers try to present the information in such a way that the user is not burdened with excessive costs for lexicographical information. [1] [2] A distinction is made between the different types of legal dictionaries. [1] With respect to civil actions in «equity» and not in «law». In English legal history, courts of «law» could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages). A separate «fairness» tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction). In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in «legal cases,» but not in «fairness» cases. n. the power conferred by law on a court to hear cases and decide on legal questions in a given geographical area and/or on certain types of legal cases. It is important to determine which court has jurisdiction before filing a claim.
State courts have jurisdiction over cases in that state, and different levels of courts have jurisdiction over actions involving different sums of money. For example, superior courts (called district or county courts in several states) generally have exclusive control over lawsuits for large sums of money, family relationships (divorces), estate of deceased persons, guardianships, conservatories, and criminal prosecutions. In some states (such as New York), probate and certain other matters fall under the jurisdiction of the so-called substitute courts. District courts (or other local courts) have jurisdiction over cases involving small sums of money, misdemeanors (crimes not punishable by state prisons), traffic cases, and pre-trial criminal cases to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to warrant a trial before the Supreme Court. Some states have police courts to deal with offences. Jurisdiction before the courts of a given State may be determined by the location of the immovable property in a State (jurisdiction in rem) or by the seat of the parties within the State (jurisdiction in personam). Thus, an estate from Marsha Blackwood`s estate would be in Idaho, where she lived and died, but jurisdiction over her real estate claim in Utah will be under the jurisdiction of the Utah courts. Federal courts have jurisdiction over lawsuits between citizens of different states, cases based on federal laws such as fair labor standards and antitrust violations, federal crimes charges, appeals from bankruptcy proceedings, marine cases, or lawsuits related to federal constitutional issues. Sometimes regulators have initial jurisdiction before a legal action can be brought before the courts. More than one court may have concurrent jurisdiction, for example: State and federal courts, as well as the attorney bringing the lawsuit, may need to make a tactical decision about the most favorable or useful jurisdiction for his or her case, including time before trial, potential jury pool, or other considerations.
Courts of appeal have the legal power to hear appeals against the judgment of the lower court that heard a case and to order its annulment or other correction if an error is found. State appeals fall under the jurisdiction of state courts of appeals, while appeals from federal district courts fall under the jurisdiction of courts of appeals and, ultimately, the Supreme Court.
